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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the general population. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and addiction to drugs) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most frequently prescribed drugs are stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine. Medicines Many adults with ADHD have significant improvements in symptoms and functioning due to medications. Due to the various ways that people react to medications, it is crucial for people with ADHD to discover a combination that works best. Stimulants, like methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most frequently prescribed medications for adults with ADHD. These stimulants are available as tablets or liquids in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hour. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication that is taken daily to reduce the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Antidepressants like desipramine have also been proven to be effective in the treatment of adults suffering from ADHD. This class of drugs can be used by itself or in conjunction with stimulants to increase their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious side effects, including rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like alprazolam as well as clonidine are used for the treatment of people suffering from ADHD. These medications, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, possess an calming effect and are able to improve focus and decrease the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity among certain adults. However, these medications can cause a drop in blood pressure if they are abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage. Adults with ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy helps those with ADHD to overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment and resentment against coworkers, teachers, supervisors and family members who might nitpick or criticize them. Additionally counseling for marriage and families can help couples suffering from ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy A key goal of psychosocial therapy for adult ADHD is to help people learn skills and strategies that improve function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and feeling of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as acting. This short-term and goal-oriented psychotherapy has been proven to be effective in treating many conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other treatments or by itself. CBT may include group therapy, which is especially beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to interact with other people who have similar struggles and to learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be offered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to standard therapy for adults with ADHD. adhd in adults symptoms and treatment helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were linked to a variety of modalities such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving exercises and mindfulness meditation. It is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for adult ADHD with caution. It is likely that different outcomes of the treatments depend on a variety of factors such as treatment characteristics, measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while doing cognitive tasks to determine brain regions where there is excessive or insufficient activity. The individual then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help with these issues which may be causing ADHD symptoms. Certain psychotherapy strategies include interpersonal therapy to enhance the ability of a person to form meaningful relationships and to resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to alter negative behaviors and help manage self-destructive and impulsive behavior that can lead to problems at school or at work. In certain cases psychotherapy may be used as an adjunct to the medication used for adhd in adults treatment. People with comorbid conditions like bipolar disorder, and addiction to drugs must be assessed carefully to ensure that they do not have symptoms that cannot be improved by the medications used to treat ADHD. People who suffer from certain medical issues such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, have to be treated more aggressively because they are more at risk of complications from medications. If ADHD is serious enough to affect the quality of life and daily functioning intensive outpatient programs could be suggested. These programs offer more thorough and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults suffering from ADHD improve their ability to manage time management and impulse control, organizing, and executive function. It helps them understand and express their emotions and utilizes worksheets and activities to make the learning more engaging. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT, and it improves a person's ability to focus and control their emotions. It increases the capacity of a person's ability to handle anxiety and stress. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other difficult feelings which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. These symptoms can also affect relationships and lead to financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues will allow you to improve your self-esteem and address the root of the issue. It can also assist you in developing healthy coping methods. Cognitive-behavioral Therapy is a great treatment for adults with ADHD because it helps you modify your negative thoughts and behaviors. It focuses on teaching time management techniques and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods, and the perception that there are only a few options. Many people with ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric disorders can diminish or increase the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbid disorder first and observe the response to treatment prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you organize your life and work by establishing predictable routines to manage your money and time and build confidence in yourself. It can help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally, yoga and other exercise can help you focus better by stabilizing the body in various poses. Counseling for families and marriage can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they cause their spouses, kids and others. They frequently complain that they are unstable, unorganized, forgetful and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Classes and therapy in which spouses and other family members are educated on ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. It can help you and your family members to understand that the problem is caused by ADHD, rather than an inability to care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication interventions are available as treatment options. There are a range of treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Certain of these medications have been tested in clinical trials. These studies have exposed the advantages and drawbacks of the medications. Adults who suffer from ADHD may have the same symptoms as children do, but it is difficult to diagnose since childhood symptoms may not persist in adulthood. Adults with ADHD might not have an ancestral background of the disorder or might not remember the symptoms. A thorough medical history is important to determine if the symptoms are caused by an illness such as thyroid issues or sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medication for adults suffering from ADHD and their responsiveness rates are in the 70%-80 percent range. The most popular stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. Methylphenidate is also accessible in a transdermal system which allows for a continuous drug delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants which work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine, the most researched tricyclic, has been proven to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medication which should be increased each seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is another antidepressant which has been proven to be effective in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist and works by blocking the reuptake process of norepinephrine by the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its presence in the brain. This drug is known to boost mood in adults and decrease hyperactivity, however, it's not as effective in improving cognitive function or concentration as stimulants.